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Crystallinity

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Coefficient of thermal expansion

Coefficient of thermal expansion The  coefficient of thermal expansion  is used: in linear  thermal expansion in area thermal expansion in  volumetric  thermal expansion These characteristics are closely related. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient can be measured for all substances of condensed matter ( liquids  and solid state). The linear thermal expansion can only be measured in the solid state and is common in engineering applications. Thermal expansion coefficients for some common materials The expansion and contraction of material must be considered when designing large structures, when using  tape  or  chain  to measure distances for  land surveys , when designing  molds  for casting hot material, and in other engineering applications when large changes in dimension due to temperature are expected. The range for α is from 10 -7  for hard solids to 10 -3  for organic liquids. α...

What Is a Black Hole?

A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can not get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying. Because no light can get out, people can't see black holes. They are invisible. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently than other stars. How Big Are Black Holes? Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or "stuff," in an object. Another kind of black hole is called "stellar." Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many, many stellar mass black holes in Earth's galaxy. Earth's galaxy is called the Milky Way. The largest black holes a...

Albert Einstein & Time Travel Theory

This lesson is on Albert Einstein and how his work applies to time travel theory. We'll investigate Einstein's theories of relativity, examples of distortion of time on Earth and in deep space, and the prospect of time travel for humans. What Is Time Travel? If you've ever watched a science fiction television show, or maybe read a book in that genre, you might have come across the image of a spaceship jumping into warp speed and zooming off into a twisted region of space to get to a faraway location. And all of this would have happened without any time passing. The spaceship's speed offers superhighways to far-off galaxies in an instant. Although right now these scenarios are fiction, the physics and math behind them are quite real. The formulas and theories we will learn about today suggest that time travel is possible. First, let's learn about the scientist that proposed these theories, Albert Einstein. Albert Einstein Albert Einstein  was a German phys...